What is Depression?

Depression is a serious mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is more than just feeling sad or going through a rough patch—it is a persistent condition that can impact daily life, relationships, and overall well-being. Just like depression, many people ask, “What is Anxiety?” as both conditions often co-exist and impact lives significantly. While this condition is highly treatable, many individuals struggle in silence due to stigma, lack of awareness, or difficulty accessing care.

Depression can present in various ways, from persistent low mood to overwhelming fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and physical symptoms such as headaches and digestive issues. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions in the United States, affecting over 21 million adults annually.

The causes of depression are multifaceted, involving a combination of genetic predisposition, biological imbalances, psychological stressors, and environmental factors. Studies indicate that individuals with a family history of depression may be more susceptible due to genetic influences, though environmental stressors, such as trauma or chronic stress, also play a significant role.

“It is NOT selfish to put your recovery first. Rather, it’s necessary in order to make sure that everything else doesn’t come last.”

Despite its prevalence, depression is frequently misunderstood. High-functioning depression, also known as persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), affects many high-achieving professionals who may appear outwardly successful but struggle internally.

The good news is that effective treatment is available. Research highlights that evidence-based therapies, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), are highly effective in managing depressive symptoms. EMDR therapy, in particular, has shown promise in addressing trauma-related depression by helping individuals process distressing memories in a structured way. For more on EMDR’s role in depression treatment, visit Evergreen Counseling’s EMDR page.

Depression can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or socioeconomic status. Recognizing its symptoms, understanding its causes, and exploring available treatment options are crucial steps toward recovery. If you or a loved one is experiencing signs of this condition, seeking professional support is an important and empowering first step.

What Are the Symptoms of Depression?

Depression manifests differently in individuals, but common symptoms include:

• Persistent sadness or low mood
• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
• Changes in appetite and weight
• Sleep disturbances (insomnia or excessive sleeping)
• Fatigue or low energy
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or excessive guilt
• Physical symptoms like headaches or digestive issues with no clear cause
• Suicidal thoughts or self-harm tendencies

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, depression symptoms can vary significantly based on an individual’s age and life circumstances. It also suggests that high-functioning depression can be more challenging to recognize since affected individuals may appear successful outwardly while struggling internally.

Depression in Different Age Groups

Children and Teens

Depression symptoms in younger individuals may differ from those in adults. Children and teens experiencing with condition may show signs of:

• Increased irritability or mood swings
• Withdrawal from family and friends
• A decline in academic performance
• Physical complaints like stomachaches or headaches

According to a study published in the Journal of Health Research, early intervention for depression in children and adolescents is critical, as untreated depression increases the risk of mental health issues in adulthood.

Adults

In adults, symptoms often include persistent sadness, anxiety, and difficulties in maintaining personal and professional responsibilities. Adults with untreated depression may also experience increased stress-related illnesses such as cardiovascular disease.

Seniors

Depression in older adults is sometimes misinterpreted as a normal part of aging. However, it can lead to memory problems, increased physical ailments, and social isolation. Depression in seniors can contribute to cognitive decline and worsen chronic conditions. Understanding the various symptoms of depression across different age groups is essential for early diagnosis and effective intervention. If you or a loved one is experiencing signs of depression, consider seeking professional help by booking a complimentary 20-minute consult call through Evergreen Counseling.

What Causes Depression?

Depression arises from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors.

Biological and Genetic Factors

Research suggests that depression has a genetic component, with individuals having a family history of depression being more prone to developing the condition. Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine also play a key role. Studies indicate that variations in certain genes may increase susceptibility to depression, particularly in individuals exposed to chronic stress or trauma.

Psychological and Environmental Factors

Trauma, chronic stress, and negative thinking patterns can contribute to depression. Major life events such as loss, financial struggles, or social isolation can also trigger depressive episodes. A study on psychological distress following trauma highlights that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and EMDR therapy can be particularly effective for individuals experiencing depression due to past trauma.

Medical Conditions and Lifestyle

Depression is often linked to medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic pain, and hormonal imbalances. Poor sleep, lack of physical activity, and an unhealthy diet can exacerbate symptoms. Emerging research suggests that gut microbiota health and dietary interventions, such as Omega-3 fatty acids and Vitamin D supplementation, can help alleviate depressive symptoms.

Understanding these contributing factors can guide individuals toward seeking effective interventions. If you or a loved one is struggling, professional help is available through Evergreen Counseling.

Types of Depression

There are several forms of depression, each with unique features.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common form of depression. It is characterized by a persistently low mood, loss of interest in activities, and symptoms that interfere with daily functioning for at least two weeks. MDD can be triggered by genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, treatment for MDD often includes psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Persistent depressive disorder, also known as dysthymia, is a chronic form of depression lasting two years or more. While symptoms may not be as severe as MDD, they can still significantly impact daily life. Individuals with dysthymia often experience feelings of sadness, low self-esteem, and fatigue. Studies show that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can be effective in managing symptoms.

Bipolar Depression

Bipolar depression occurs in individuals with bipolar disorder and involves extreme mood swings between depressive episodes and periods of mania or hypomania. During depressive episodes, individuals experience symptoms similar to MDD, including feelings of hopelessness and low energy. Treatment often includes mood stabilizers, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments. The American Psychiatric Association emphasizes the importance of tailored treatment plans to manage both depressive and manic symptoms effectively.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that follows seasonal patterns, typically worsening during the winter months due to reduced sunlight exposure. Symptoms include low energy, social withdrawal, and changes in sleep and appetite. Research suggests that light therapy, increased physical activity, and vitamin D supplementation can help alleviate symptoms.

Postpartum Depression

Postpartum Depression (PPD) affects new mothers due to hormonal shifts, exhaustion, and the emotional demands of caring for a newborn. Symptoms include severe mood swings, difficulty bonding with the baby, and feelings of hopelessness. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, PPD can be treated through therapy, medication, and strong social support.

Understanding the different types of depression is crucial for seeking appropriate treatment. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of depression, consider reaching out for professional support by booking a complimentary 20-minute consult call through Evergreen Counseling.

How is Depression Treated?

Fortunately, depression is highly treatable with a range of interventions tailored to an individual’s needs.

Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy)

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to depression. Research supports its effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms and preventing relapse.
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): This therapy focuses on emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness, making it particularly useful for individuals experiencing chronic depression and emotional instability.
• Psychodynamic Therapy: This approach explores past experiences and unresolved conflicts that may contribute to depression, providing deeper emotional insights and long-term relief.

EMDR Therapy for Depression

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is commonly used to treat trauma-related depression. Studies suggest that EMDR helps individuals reprocess distressing memories, reducing their emotional impact and improving mood. It is particularly effective for individuals with a history of trauma-related depression.

Learn more about how EMDR therapy can support recovery at Evergreen Counseling’s EMDR page.

Medication

Anxiety doesn’t only affect the mind; its physical impact can be profound. Common physical symptoms include:

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Commonly prescribed antidepressants such as fluoxetine and sertraline help regulate serotonin levels in the brain, improving mood stability.
• Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Include venlafaxine and duloxetine, useful for depression accompanied by physical symptoms such as chronic pain.
• Atypical Antidepressants: Medications such as bupropion work through different mechanisms and are often prescribed to individuals experiencing fatigue or sexual dysfunction with traditional antidepressants.
• Mood Stabilizers and Antipsychotics: Sometimes used for treatment-resistant depression or bipolar disorder, these medications help regulate mood fluctuations and severe symptoms.

Holistic and Alternative Approaches

• Nutritional Interventions: Studies indicate that deficiencies in Omega-3 fatty acids and Vitamin D can contribute to depressive symptoms. Supplementing these nutrients may help improve mood and cognitive function.
• Exercise and Physical Activity: Regular movement has been shown to boost mood, reduce depressive symptoms, and improve overall mental health. Physical activity stimulates the production of endorphins, which act as natural mood lifters.
• Mindfulness and Meditation: These techniques help individuals manage stress, increase self-awareness, and cultivate emotional resilience.
• Gut Health and Depression: Emerging research links gut microbiota imbalances with depressive symptoms. Probiotics and dietary changes may support mental well-being by improving gut health.

Seeking Professional Help

With a variety of effective treatments available, individuals struggling with depression should seek professional guidance to find the approach that best suits their needs. If you or a loved one is experiencing depression, consider reaching out for support through Evergreen Counseling.